how to install OFFICE2007

Step 1: Insert the Microsoft Office 2007 Enterprise CD. If the Setup Wizard does not automatically begin, then click Start > Run > D:\setup.exe

Step 2: Enter the Product Key from the back of the CD jacket. Note: This is a unique code. Please keep in a safe place!

Click Continue.

Step 3: Check the box "I accept the terms of this agreement" and click the Continue button.

Step 4: Choose an installation option, Upgrade (removes Office 2003) or Customize (keeps Office 2003 installed and adds Office 2007, allowing you to use them both).

Note: Outlook 2003 will be uninstalled in either option. Outlook will be updated and your user settings and mail will migrate to the new version.

If you click Upgrade, go on to Step 5.

If you click Customize, go on to Step 4a.

Step 4a: Click the radio button for "Keep all previous versions."

Click the Installation Options tab, left-click the first drop down box and click Run all from My Computer

Click Install Now.

nish.

Step 5: Installation will begin. It may take 15-30 minu

tes to finish.

Step 6: Click Close to complete the installation.

Step 7: The first time you launch any Office program, you will be prompted to activate the software. As long as you have an active Internet connection, choose the default option and click Next.

Step 8: When the activation finishes, click Close.

Step 9: Click OK to finish.

AntivRUS INstall

If you don't know what your operating system is perform the following steps:

1. Click the Start button and select Run.

2. Type winver into the run box shown below then click the OKbutton.

3. If you get a window that looks like the one below then you haveWindows XP. Click on the link to go to the instruction page.

4. If you get a window that looks like the one below then you haveWindows 2000. Click on the link to go to the instruction page.

5. If you get a window that looks like the one below then you haveWindows Vista. Click on the link to go to the instruction page.

PRImARY storaGE

Primary storage (ormain memory orinternal memory), often referred to simply as memory, is the only one directly accessible to the CPU. The CPU continuously reads instructions stored there and executes them as required. Any data actively operated on is also stored there in uniform manner.

Historically, early computers used delay lines, Williams tubes, or rotatingmagnetic drums as primary storage. By 1954, those unreliable methods were mostly replaced by magnetic core memory, which was still rather cumbersome. Undoubtedly, a revolution was started with the invention of atransistor, that soon enabled then-unbelievable miniaturization of electronic memory via solid-state silicon chip technology.

This led to a modern random-access memory (RAM). It is small-sized, light, but quite expensive at the same time. (The particular types of RAM used for primary storage are also volatile, i.e. they lose the information when not powered).

As shown in the diagram, traditionally there are two more sub-layers of the primary storage, besides main large-capacity RAM:

• Processor registers are located inside the processor. Each register typically holds a word of data (often 32 or 64 bits). CPU instructions instruct the arithmetic and logic unit to perform various calculations or other operations on this data (or with the help of it). Registers are technically among the fastest of all forms of computer data storage.
• Processor cache is an intermediate stage between ultra-fast registers and much slower main memory. It's introduced solely to increase performance of the computer. Most actively used information in the main memory is just duplicated in the cache memory, which is faster, but of much lesser capacity. On the other hand it is much slower, but much larger than processor registers. Multi-level hierarchical cache setup is also commonly used—primary cache being smallest, fastest and located inside the processor; secondary cachebeing somewhat larger and slower.

Main memory is directly or indirectly connected to the central processing unit via a memory bus. It is actually two buses (not on the diagram): an address bus and a data bus. The CPU firstly sends a number through an address bus, a number called memory address, that indicates the desired location of data. Then it reads or writes the data itself using the data bus. Additionally, a memory management unit (MMU) is a small device between CPU and RAM recalculating the actual memory address, for example to provide an abstraction of virtual memory or other tasks.

As the RAM types used for primary storage are volatile (cleared at start up), a computer containing only such storage would not have a source to read instructions from, in order to start the computer. Hence, non-volatile primary storage containing a small startup program (BIOS) is used to bootstrap the computer, that is, to read a larger program from non-volatile secondary storage to RAM and start to execute it. A non-volatile technology used for this purpose is called ROM, for read-only memory (the terminology may be somewhat confusing as most ROM types are also capable of random access).

Many types of "ROM" are not literally read only, as updates are possible; however it is slow and memory must be erased in large portions before it can be re-written. Some embedded systems run programs directly from ROM (or similar), because such programs are rarely changed. Standard computers do not store non-rudimentary programs in ROM, rather use large capacities of secondary storage, which is non-volatile as well, and not as costly.

Recently, primary storage and secondary storage in some uses refer to what was historically called, respectively, secondary storage andtertiary storage

seCONDARY sTORAGE

Secondary storage (orexternal memory) differs from primary storage in that it is not directly accessible by the CPU. The computer usually uses its input/outputchannels to access secondary storage and transfers the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage. Secondary storage does not lose the data when the device is powered down—it is non-volatile. Per unit, it is typically also two orders of magnitude less expensive than primary storage. Consequently, modern computer systems typically have two orders of magnitude more secondary storage than primary storage and data is kept for a longer time there.

In modern computers, hard disk drives are usually used as secondary storage. The time taken to access a given byte of information stored on a hard disk is typically a few thousandths of a second, or milliseconds. By contrast, the time taken to access a given byte of information stored in random access memory is measured in billionths of a second, or nanoseconds. This illustrates the very significant access-time difference which distinguishes solid-state memory from rotating magnetic storage devices: hard disks are typically about a million times slower than memory. Rotating optical storage devices, such as CD and DVDdrives, have even longer access times. With disk drives, once the disk read/write head reaches the proper placement and the data of interest rotates under it, subsequent data on the track are very fast to access. As a result, in order to hide the initial seek time and rotational latency, data are transferred to and from disks in large contiguous blocks.

When data reside on disk, block access to hide latency offers a ray of hope in designing efficient external memory algorithms. Sequential or block access on disks is orders of magnitude faster than random access, and many sophisticated paradigms have been developed to design efficient algorithms based upon sequential and block access . Another way to reduce the I/O bottleneck is to use multiple disks in parallel in order to increase the bandwidth between primary and secondary memory.^[2]

Some other examples of secondary storage technologies are: flash memory (e.g. USB flash drives or keys), floppy disks, magnetic tape, paper tape, punched cards, standalone RAM disks, andIomega Zip drives.

The secondary storage is often formatted according to a file system format, which provides the abstraction necessary to organize data into filesand directories, providing also additional information (called metadata) describing the owner of a certain file, the access time, the access permissions, and other information.

Most computer operating systems use the concept of virtual memory, allowing utilization of more primary storage capacity than is physically available in the system. As the primary memory fills up, the system moves the least-used chunks (pages) to secondary storage devices (to aswap file or page file), retrieving them later when they are needed. As more of these retrievals from slower secondary storage are necessary, the more the overall system performance is degraded.

opERATing SYSTem

operating system is the software on a computer that manages the way different programs use itshardware, and regulates the ways that a user controls the computer.^[1][2] Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer with multiple programs—from cellular phones and video game consolesto supercomputers and web servers. Some popular modern operating systems for personal computers includeMicrosoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux^[3] (see also: list of operating systems,comparison of operating systems).

Because early computers were often built for only a single task, operating systems did not exist in their proper form until the 1960s.^[4] As computers evolved into being devices that could run different programs in succession, programmers began putting libraries of common programs (in the form of computer code) onto the computer in order to avoid duplication and speed up the process. Eventually, computers began being built to automatically switch from one task to the next. The creation of runtime libraries to manage processing and printing speed came next, which evolved into programs that could interpret different types of programming languages into machine code. When personal computers by companies such as Apple Inc., Atari, IBM andAmigabecame popular in the 1980s, vendors began adding features such as software scheduling and hardware maintenance.

An operating system can be divided into many different parts. One of the most important parts is the kernel, which controls low-level processes that the average user usually cannot see: it controls how memory is read and written, the order in which processes are executed, how information is received and sent by devices like the monitor, keyboard and mouse, and deciding how to interpret information received by networks. The user interface is the part of the operating system that interacts with the computer user directly, allowing them to control and use programs. The user interface may be graphical with icons and a desktop, or textual, with a command line. Another similar feature is an Application programming interface, which is a set of services and code libraries that let applications interact with one another, as well as the operating system itself. Depending on the operating system, many of these components may not be considered an actual part. For example, Windows considers its user interface to be part of the operating system, while many versions of Linux do not.

diFFerences bETwEEN inTERNET,inTRANET & exTRANET

internet is a network which is for public, world where intranet and extranet is a network for private use,
internet is a network where anybody can access, from around the world, but in intranet and extranet we add some privacy so only allowed people can access.

there is no need for example of internet, hope u know!!
lets give an example of intranet and extranet.
we sometimes login some websites which requires our details to login, such as bank to view our bank statement, isp, university, so here we r connecting to extranet, bank allow us to access their internal network. In intranet internal users are allowed to use, such staff of bank, isp or other company which allowed their internal staff to use their network and no outsiders allowed in this case.
hope it is alright!

kARNIVaL Ict Sabak bERnam (2010)

Karnival ICT Sabak Bernam 2010

Tarikh : 29-31 Oktober 2010
Tempat : Dewan Sri Bernam,45300 Sungai Besar
Masa : 8.30 pagi - 10.00 malam

Anjuran : Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Dan Multimedia Malaysia (SKMM)
: PPD Sabak Bernam
: PKG Daerah Sabak Bernam

Di lampirkan Tentatif Program bagi Karnival ICT Sabak Bernam 2010 sepanjang 3 hari dari 29-31 Oktober 2010

Tarikh	Masa	Aktiviti	Penyertaan
29.10.2010 (Jumaat)	8.30 pagi – 10.00 malam	Pameran dan jualan	Terbuka kepada pelajar dan umum serta pengunjung
	10.00 pagi	Perasmian	Pengetua, Guru Besar, Guru Media dan Guru Penyelaras Makmal Komputer.
	9.00 pagi – 11.00 pagi	Pendaftaran Penghakiman Pertandingan - Persembahan Interaktif Multimedia (P&P) Blog Klip Video           Roket           PC Assamble	Sekolah Menengah dan Sekolah Rendah
	3.00 petang – 6.00 petang	Mini Cyber Fusion	Terbuka kepada pelajar dan umum serta pengunjung
	8.00 malam – 10.00 malam	Cabutan Bertuah	Terbuka kepada pelajar dan umum serta pengunjung
30.10.2010 (Sabtu)	8.30 pagi - 10.00 malam	Pameran dan jualan	Terbuka kepada pelajar dan umum serta pengunjung
	9.00 pagi – 2.00 petang	Pertandingan - Explorace ICT Melukis Mewarna Mini Cyber Fusion	Terbuka kepada pelajar dan umum serta pengunjung Sekolah Menengah dan Sekolah Rendah Pra Sekolah Terbuka kepada pelajar dan umum serta pengunjung
	3.00 petang – 6.00 petang	Mini Cyber Fusion	Terbuka kepada pelajar dan umum serta pengunjung
	8.00 malam – 10.00 malam	Mini Cyber Fusion Cabutan Bertuah	Terbuka kepada pelajar dan umum serta pengunjung Terbuka kepada pelajar dan umum serta pengunjung
31.10.2010 (Ahad)	8.30 pagi – 5.00 petang	Pameran dan jualan bermula	Terbuka kepada pelajar dan umum serta pengunjung
	9.00 pagi – 2.00 petang	Final Battle Mini Cyber Fusion Cabutan Bertuah	Terbuka kepada pelajar dan umum serta pengunjung Terbuka kepada pelajar dan umum serta pengunjung
	3.30 petang	Penyampaian Hadiah
	4.30 petang	Persembahan tayangan video klip blog dan persembahan interaktif
	5.00 petang	Bersurai